Relationship between Physical Activity and Immune Function in College Students

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) is known to positively influence various physiological systems, including immune function. Among college students, a group often exposed to academic stress and lifestyle irregularities, the role of PA in maintaining immune health is particularly important. This study investigates the relationship between levels of physical activity and markers of immune function in college students. Using a cross-sectional design involving 300 students aged 18–22, data were collected through questionnaires (IPAQ-SF, PSS) and biological samples (saliva and blood) to measure immune markers such as natural killer (NK) cell activity, serum cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and salivary IgA. Results indicate that moderate physical activity correlates with improved immune function, while excessive activity shows signs of transient immunosuppression. Psychological resilience was also found to mediate the relationship between PA and immunity. The findings highlight the importance of regular, moderate exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to support immunity in young adults